Pterygium: Symptoms, Causes, and Modern treatment options
Clear vision depends not only on the health of the eye’s internal structures but also on the condition of its outer surface. One such often-overlooked condition affecting the eye’s surface is pterygium—a growth that, if untreated, can lead to vision problems or discomfort.
In this blog, we’ll explore everything you need to know about pterygium: its symptoms, causes, risk factors, and the latest treatment options available to manage it effectively.
What is pterygium?
Pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva (the thin, transparent tissue covering the white part of the eye) that extends onto the cornea. It often appears as a pink, triangular tissue and is sometimes referred to as “surfer’s eye” due to its strong association with UV exposure and outdoor activity.
While pterygium is generally benign, it can become inflamed, cause irritation, and in advanced cases, distort vision if it progresses over the central part of the cornea.
Common symptoms of pterygium
Early stages of pterygium may be asymptomatic. However, as the condition progresses, patients may experience:
- Redness in the white part of the eye.
- A visible, fleshy growth near the corner of the eye.
- Dryness or a gritty sensation.
- Itching, burning, or irritation.
- Blurry vision. (if the growth encroaches on the cornea)
- Sensitivity to wind, sunlight, and dust.
If you notice any of these symptoms, especially a visible growth on the eye, it’s crucial to consult an eye specialist for early evaluation.
Causes and Risk factors
The exact cause of pterygium is not completely understood, but several environmental and lifestyle factors increase the risk:
1. UV radiation
Exposure to ultraviolet light, especially in tropical or high-sun areas, is the most common contributing factor. This is why pterygium is more common among people who spend a lot of time outdoors.
2. Dry, Dusty, and Windy environments
Constant exposure to wind, dust, and dry air can irritate the conjunctiva and increase the risk of abnormal tissue growth.
3. Age and Gender
It most commonly affects adults aged 20 to 50 years, with slightly higher prevalence in men.
4. Chronic eye irritation
Frequent eye rubbing or irritation from contact lenses and smoke can trigger inflammation, contributing to pterygium development.
Modern treatment options for pterygium
While mild pterygium cases can be managed conservatively, more advanced or recurrent cases may require surgical intervention.
1. Non-Surgical Treatments
- Lubricating Eye Drops: Artificial tears can relieve dryness and irritation.
- Anti-inflammatory Drops: Steroid drops may reduce redness and inflammation.
- UV Protection: Wearing UV-blocking sunglasses can prevent progression.
These approaches are best for early-stage or non-progressive pterygium.
2. Surgical Removal
If the pterygium is large, growing, or affecting vision, surgery is recommended.
a. Conventional Excision
The traditional method involves removing the pterygium tissue. However, it carries a higher risk of recurrence.
b. Conjunctival Autografting (Preferred Technique)
This advanced technique involves removing the pterygium and covering the affected area with a healthy piece of conjunctiva taken from the same eye. It significantly reduces the chance of recurrence and improves cosmetic results.
c. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation
In some cases, amniotic tissue is used instead of conjunctiva, particularly for recurrent or aggressive cases. It promotes healing and reduces inflammation.
d. Use of Fibrin Glue
Modern surgical techniques often use fibrin glue instead of sutures, offering:
- Less surgical time.
- Faster recovery.
- Less postoperative discomfort.
Recovery and Aftercare
Post-surgery, most patients experience mild discomfort, redness, or foreign body sensation for a few days. Your ophthalmologist will likely prescribe:
- Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops.
- Cold compresses to reduce swelling.
- Sunglasses to protect eyes from UV and wind.
Healing typically takes 1–2 weeks, and regular follow-up is essential to monitor healing and prevent recurrence.
When to see an eye specialist?
Seek expert help if you notice:
- A growing or reddish patch on the white of your eye.
- Blurred vision or discomfort in one or both eyes.
- Frequent irritation or gritty sensation.
- A previous pterygium returning after surgery.
Early diagnosis can prevent complications and preserve visual clarity.
Why choose Krisha Eye Hospital for MICS?
At Krisha Eye Hospital, we specialize in advanced cataract solutions, including Micro-Incision Cataract Surgery. Led by Dr. Dhwani Maheshwari, our team uses the latest phaco technology and premium IOLs to ensure optimal visual outcomes.
- Modern OT and diagnostic equipment.
- Personalized IOL counseling.
- Minimal wait times.
- Experienced cataract specialists.
- Post-operative support and follow-up care.
We’re committed to helping you regain clear, comfortable vision with compassion and care.
Conclusion
Pterygium is a manageable eye condition that, when addressed early, rarely causes long-term issues. With modern surgical techniques and preventive measures, patients can regain comfort and avoid vision loss.
At Krisha Eye Hospital, we combine advanced diagnostics, modern surgical technology, and a compassionate care approach to offer effective treatment for pterygium and other eye surface disorders. Whether you need a conservative plan or surgical management, our expert ophthalmologists will guide you toward the best outcome.
Don’t let discomfort or vision distortion affect your daily life. Contact Krisha Eye Hospital and take the first step toward clearer, healthier eyes.
Author bio
Dr. Dhwani Maheshwari, an esteemed ophthalmologist with over 10 years of experience, leads Krisha Eye hospital in Ahmedabad with a commitment to advanced, patient-centered eye care. Specializing in cataract and refractive surgery, Dr. Maheshwari has performed more than a thousand successful surgeries. Her expertise lies in phacoemulsification, a technique recognized for its precision in cataract treatment.
Dr. Maheshwari’s educational journey includes an MBBS from Smt. NHL MMC, a DOMS from M & J Institute of Ophthalmology, and a DNB in Ophthalmology from Mahatme Eye Bank Eye Hospital, Nagpur. She also completed a fellowship in phacoemulsification at Porecha Blindness Trust Hospital, further enhancing her surgical skills. In addition to her work at Krisha Eye Hospital, Dr. Maheshwari serves as a consultant ophthalmologist at Northstar Diagnostic Centre.
Under her leadership, Krisha Eye Hospital aims to bring all superspecialties under one roof, offering comprehensive eye care solutions for all vision needs.
FAQs
Yes, pterygium can occur in one or both eyes, a condition known as bilateral pterygium. However, it’s more common in just one eye.
No, pterygium is not contagious. It cannot spread from person to person through contact or exposure.
Yes, there is a risk of recurrence, especially if the excision is done without techniques like conjunctival autografting or amniotic membrane transplantation. Recurrence rates are significantly lower with advanced surgical methods.
No. Mild or non-progressive cases often do not require surgery and can be managed with lubricating drops, UV protection, and regular monitoring.
In rare cases, if left untreated and allowed to grow significantly onto the cornea, pterygium can cause permanent distortion or scarring, leading to permanent vision problems.
Prevention includes wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection, using hats or visors outdoors, avoiding dusty/windy environments, and keeping eyes lubricated in dry conditions.
Pterygium surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia and is not painful. Some discomfort or mild irritation may occur during recovery, which can be managed with prescribed drops.